temerity: suggests presumptuous boldness arising from rashness and contempt of danger: had the ~ to ask for a favor after that insult.


audacity: implies a disregard of restraints commonly imposely by convention and prudence: an entrepreneur with ~ and vision.


hardihood: implies firmness of purpose in daring and defiance: no serious scientist had the ~ to claim that.


effrontery: implies shameless and arrogant disregard of propriety and coutesy: had the ~ to tell me how to do my job.


nerve: an informal equivalent of effrontery, stresses hardihood: the ~ of that guy.


cheek: also a substitue for effrontery, implies impudent self-assurance: has the ~ to bill herself as a singer.


gall: like nerve and cheek, but stresses insolence: had the ~ to demand some evidence.


chutzpah: adds to nerve and gall the notion of supreme confidence: his ~ got him into the exclusive party.


temerity: 自以为是的莽撞冒失,audacity: 不顾通常克制, hardihood: 顽抗坚持(明显不合理)==>一意孤行, effrontery: 无耻无礼, nerve: 也是无耻无礼，强调顽强, cheek: 也是无耻无礼，强调不该有的自信(impudent:不谦虚体面), gall: 也是无耻无礼，强调高傲(insolence:羞辱般高傲),chutzpah: 意思相似，但表示非常自信。


记忆方法： 1) 首字母联想TAHEGNCC==>TA HE Guo Nan 2Cai: 他俩大发国难财==>厚颜无耻


           2) 都表示无耻胆大, 前三个偏向胆大,后五个偏向无耻.

           3）胆敢的意思是明显恶劣的大胆（明目张胆）mean conspicuous or flagrant boldness.